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Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

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Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
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Ferrites with a Minimized Secondary Electron Yield.

Robin Uren1, Manuel Hoffman1, Amin Din1

  • 1School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Nethergate, Dundee, DD1 4HN, UK.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|January 17, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Laser engineered surface structures (LESS) effectively reduced the secondary electron yield (SEY) of Ni/Zn ferrites. This innovation prevents electron cloud formation in particle accelerators like the Large Hadron Collider.

Keywords:
ferriteslaser materials processingsecondary electron yield

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Plasma Physics
  • Accelerator Physics

Background:

  • Ferrites possess unique magnetic properties and high resistivity, making them vital in industry.
  • Applications in space science and particle accelerators expose ferrites to high-energy electrons, causing issues like charging and electron clouds (ECs).
  • Electron clouds are a significant concern for Ni/Zn soft ferrite kicker magnets during the Large Hadron Collider's high luminosity upgrade.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To reduce the secondary electron yield (SEY) of Ni/Zn ferrites.
  • To mitigate electron cloud formation in accelerator environments.
  • To demonstrate the applicability of Laser Engineered Surface Structures (LESS) on technical materials beyond metals.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Laser Engineered Surface Structures (LESS) to modify the surface of Ni/Zn ferrites.
  • Experimentally determined the secondary electron yield (SEY) of the modified ferrite surfaces.

Main Results:

  • Reduced the SEY of Ni/Zn ferrites from an initial value of 2.1 to a minimum of 0.81.
  • Successfully eliminated the ferrite's capacity to contribute to electron cloud formation.
  • Demonstrated LESS applicability to technical materials, not just metals.

Conclusions:

  • LESS is an effective method for reducing the SEY of Ni/Zn ferrites.
  • This surface engineering approach can prevent electron cloud formation in critical applications.
  • LESS technology has broader potential for enhancing the performance of various technical materials by controlling SEY.