Acute Rhinosinusitis: Rapid Evidence Review.

Area of Science:

• Medicine
• Infectious Diseases
• Otolaryngology

Background:

• Acute rhinosinusitis affects millions annually, with respiratory infections driving antibiotic use.
• Distinguishing bacterial from viral sinusitis is clinically challenging.
• Key bacterial sinusitis symptoms include facial pain, fever, and purulent nasal discharge.

Purpose of the Study:

• To outline diagnostic criteria for acute bacterial rhinosinusitis.
• To provide antibiotic treatment guidelines.
• To discuss supportive care and potential complications.

Main Methods:

• Clinical diagnosis based on symptom duration and severity.
• Review of antibiotic efficacy and allergy considerations.
• Assessment of supportive care measures.

Main Results:

• Antibiotics are indicated for severe symptoms (≥3 days), worsening after 3-5 days, or prolonged symptoms (≥7 days).
• Amoxicillin is effective; doxycycline or fluoroquinolones are alternatives for beta-lactam allergies.
• Supportive care (saline, steroids, decongestants) can alleviate symptoms.

Conclusions:

• Most acute rhinosinusitis cases are self-limiting.
• Prompt diagnosis and appropriate antibiotic selection are crucial for bacterial cases.
• Referral and advanced imaging are considered for recurrent or complicated cases.