Lattice-mismatched and twisted multi-layered materials for efficient solar cells

We argue that alternating-layer structures of lattice mismatched or misaligned (twisted) atomically-thin layers should be expected to be more efficient absorbers of the broad-spectrum of solar radiation than the bulk material of each individual layer. In such mismatched layer-structures the conduction and valence bands of the bulk material, split into multiple minibands separated by minigaps confined to a small-size emerging Brillouin zone due to band-folding. We extended the Shockley-Queisser approach to calculate the photovoltaic efficiency for a band split into minibands of bandwidth ΔEand mini-gaps δGto model the case when such structures are used as solar cells. We find a significant efficiency enhancement due to impact ionization processes, especially in the limit of small but non-zero δG, and a dramatic increase when fully concentrated Sun-light is used.