Anti-inflammatory activity, stability, bioavailability and toxicity studies on seabuckthorn polyphenol enriched...

A standardized polyphenol-enriched fraction (IPHRFPPEF) was formulated into a phospholipid complex (IPHRFPPEF-PC) to enhance oral bioavailability and evaluate stability, toxicity, and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity in Sprague Dawley rats. IPHRFPPEF was prepared from crude extract using XAD-HP7/Diaion-HP20 resin column chromatography and analyzed via HPLC and NMR. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were quantified, with IPHRFPPEF showing higher values than the crude fraction. The phospholipid complex was prepared via solvent evaporation and assessed for bioavailability, stability, and toxicity. Key results demonstrated a 1.99-fold, 2.03-fold, and 1.66-fold increase in plasma concentrations of isorhamnetin, kaempferol and quercetin respectively. Acute oral toxicity testing showed an LD₅₀ of 5000 mg/kg (GHS Category 5), and repeated-dose studies confirmed safety. IPHRFPPEF-PC exhibited enhanced pharmacokinetics and potent in vivo anti-inflammatory effects. In conclusion, the development of IPHRFPPEF-PC from a standardized polyphenol-enriched fraction offers a safe and effective therapeutic approach, with significant potential for future applications in treating inflammatory conditions.