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Using latent profile analysis to classify US states into typologies of structural racism
Stephanie Veazie1, Elleni M Hailu2, Corinne A Riddell3
1University of California - Berkeley, School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology, United States.
Social Science & Medicine (1982)
|January 18, 2025
Summary
Structural racism drives health disparities. This study used latent profile analysis to classify US states into three typologies based on racial inequities in education, employment, homeownership, incarceration, and income.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Sociology
- Health Equity Research
Background:
- Structural racism is a primary driver of racial health inequities.
- Quantifying structural racism is challenging due to its complex, multi-dimensional nature.
- Understanding state-level variations in structural racism is crucial for targeted interventions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To classify US states into typologies of structural racism.
- To analyze patterns of racial inequities across five key domains.
- To assess the utility of latent profile analysis for this purpose.
Main Methods:
- Latent profile analysis (LPA) was employed to categorize fifty US states.
- Data included Black-White inequities in educational attainment, employment, homeownership, incarceration, and income.
- Analyses explored two, four, and five typologies, focusing on the three-typology model.
Main Results:
- Twenty-seven states formed Typology 1, sixteen states Typology 2, and seven states Typology 3 in the three-typology model.
- Typology 3 states (often Midwestern) showed highest inequities in most domains except education.
- Typology 2 states (Western/Eastern) exhibited the greatest educational inequities.
Conclusions:
- Latent profile analysis effectively identifies distinct state-level typologies of structural racism.
- State groupings remained consistent across different numbers of typologies.
- This method aids researchers in identifying states with similar structural racism characteristics for further study.
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