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State Minimum Wages and Food Insecurity Among Households Receiving Government Food Assistance.

Krista Neumann1, Barbara A Laraia2, Corinne A Riddell3,4

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Summary

Raising minimum wages may help working households receiving food assistance (SNAP) achieve greater food security. These wage policies can complement SNAP's goals to reduce hardship for low-income families.

Keywords:
Food insecurityHealth equityMinimum wagePublic policySocioeconomic factorsSupplemental Nutrition Assistance Program

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Area of Science:

  • Socioeconomic impacts on public health
  • Nutrition policy and food security analysis

Background:

  • The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) aims to reduce food insecurity, yet many recipients remain food insecure.
  • The impact of state minimum wage increases on SNAP recipients' food security is unclear due to benefits being income-dependent.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the effect of state minimum wage increases on food security among working households participating in SNAP.
  • To investigate variations in this effect across different demographic subgroups.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a two-year panel of U.S. Current Population Survey Food Security Supplement data (2002-2019).
  • Employed a linear fixed-effects model to estimate the prevalence difference in food insecurity per $1 increase in the state minimum wage.
  • Analyzed subgroup variations by household structure, race/ethnicity, and education.

Main Results:

  • A $1 increase in the minimum wage was associated with a reduction in food insecurity prevalence (PD per 10,000 households: -298).
  • Strongest protective effects were observed in senior-headed, Hispanic, and some-college households.
  • Estimates for Indigenous households were imprecise and potentially indicated harm.

Conclusions:

  • Increases in minimum wage may offer modest support for food security in working SNAP households.
  • Minimum wage policies can potentially complement SNAP by reinforcing its objectives to alleviate food hardship for low-income populations.