Light energy-driven carbonic anhydrase mediate CO₂ sequestration system with variable-temperature adaptability

The escalating atmospheric CO₂ concentration urgently demands ecologically friendly mitigation strategies. Compared to alternative catalysts, carbonic anhydrase (CA) demonstrates exceptionally high catalytic efficiency in CO₂ hydration reactions. Nevertheless, traditional CA immobilization techniques exhibit peak enzymatic activity exclusively at optimal temperatures, consequently constraining their effective application across diverse environmental thermal conditions in industrial settings. Inspired by the adaptive mechanisms of plant leaves, which modulate enzymatic environmental adaptability through photonic flux variations, we propose an innovative photoenergy-driven CA-mediated CO₂ sequestration system characterized by temperature adaptability. Titanium carbide (MXene), amino-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (AMWCNTs), and gelatin (Gel) are utilized as substrates for the immobilization of CA to fabricate MAG-CA. Upon illumination, MAG-CA engenders a Substrate surface temperature above ambient level. By modulating light intensity in accordance with natural environmental temperatures, CA within MAG-CA can be perpetually maintained at its optimal temperature on the surface of the support, culminating in efficient carbon capture across a range of ambient temperatures (20-40 °C). Moreover, the carbon capture efficiency of MAG-CA (under illumination at 25 °C) is more than twice that of free CA (without illumination at 40 °C), which provides a new perspective for the industrial application of enzyme-mediated carbon capture.