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Related Concept Videos

Kidney Structure01:45

Kidney Structure

68.7K
The kidneys are two large bean-shaped organs located in the upper abdomen. They filter the blood several times a day to remove toxins and rebalance water and electrolytes of the circulatory system via the renal veins. The kidneys receive blood directly from the heart via the renal arteries. These arteries enter the kidney at the hilum, the concave surface of the bean, where they branch and divide into smaller vessels and capillaries.
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Nephrons01:10

Nephrons

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The kidneys are intricate organs with millions of working units known as nephrons. Each nephron features two major structures: the renal corpuscle, which facilitates blood plasma filtration, and the renal tubule, which handles the glomerular filtrate. Blood supply is directly linked to the nephrons. The renal corpuscle consists of the glomerulus, a capillary network, and the Bowman's capsule, a double-walled epithelial structure that encases the glomerulus. The filtering of blood plasma...
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External Anatomy of the Kidney01:21

External Anatomy of the Kidney

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The kidneys are a pair of bean-shaped organs in the human body that play a critical role in maintaining overall health. They filter out waste products from the blood, regulate blood pressure, maintain electrolyte balance, and stimulate the production of red blood cells.
The kidneys are located in the retroperitoneal space on either side of the vertebral column, protected posteriorly by the 11th and 12th ribs. The right kidney sits slightly lower than the left owing to the presence of the liver...
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Dialysis01:27

Dialysis

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Renal failure occurs when the kidneys lose their ability to filter waste products from the blood effectively. It can be classified into two types: acute renal failure (ARF) and chronic renal failure (CRF).
Acute kidney injury develops suddenly and can be caused by pre-renal causes (e.g., hypovolemia, shock), intrinsic renal causes (e.g., acute tubular necrosis), or post-renal causes (e.g., urinary obstruction). In contrast, chronic renal failure progresses gradually over time and is often...
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Internal Anatomy of the Kidney01:12

Internal Anatomy of the Kidney

1.3K
The kidneys are essential organs in the human body, performing a myriad of tasks that maintain homeostasis and overall health.
Anatomical Position and Dimensions
The kidneys are retroperitoneal organs positioned against the posterior abdominal wall on either side of the spine, roughly between the twelfth thoracic and third lumbar vertebrae. Each kidney is typically 10-12 cm long, 5-6 cm wide, and 3-4 cm thick, weighing about 150 grams.
Renal Cortex
The outermost region of the kidney is the...
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Renal Corpuscle01:20

Renal Corpuscle

1.6K
The glomerulus and Bowman's capsule are two essential components of the nephron, which is the functional unit of the kidney. These microscopic structures play a critical role in the process of blood filtration to produce urine.
Glomerulus: Structure and Function
The glomerulus is a tiny, intricate network of capillaries located at the beginning of the nephron. It's enveloped by the Bowman's capsule and receives its blood supply from an afferent arteriole, which divides into numerous...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2025

Bilateral Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Model for Acute Kidney Injury in Mice
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Bilateral Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Model for Acute Kidney Injury in Mice

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Acute kidney injury.

Marlies Ostermann1, Nuttha Lumlertgul2, Rachel Jeong3

  • 1Department of Critical Care, King's College London, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.

Lancet (London, England)
|January 18, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common condition with high incidence in low-income countries, leading to severe short-term and long-term health consequences. Effective care strategies and long-term follow-up models for AKI require further investigation and subphenotyping for precision interventions.

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a prevalent and complex condition affecting kidney function.
  • AKI is disproportionately common in low- and middle-income countries, posing significant global health challenges.
  • Short-term impacts include increased mortality, hospital stays, and healthcare costs, while long-term risks involve chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular morbidity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of acute kidney injury (AKI).
  • To highlight the need for subphenotyping to guide precision interventions.
  • To discuss current and future care strategies for AKI patients.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on AKI incidence, complications, and management.
  • Analysis of current supportive care strategies and treatment modalities.
  • Discussion of emerging evidence on AKI subphenotyping and long-term follow-up.

Main Results:

  • AKI is a multifactorial condition with substantial short- and long-term adverse outcomes.
  • Current AKI management is largely supportive, focusing on underlying causes and complications.
  • Growing evidence supports the necessity of AKI subphenotyping for targeted therapies.
  • Long-term follow-up is recommended, but optimal care models are not yet established.

Conclusions:

  • Acute kidney injury (AKI) presents significant short- and long-term health risks, particularly in resource-limited settings.
  • Precision medicine approaches, guided by AKI subphenotyping, are crucial for improving patient outcomes.
  • Further research is needed to define effective long-term care models for AKI survivors.