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The oncolytic effect of Newcastle disease virus attenuated AMHA1 strain against digestive system tumors

Mohammed Abdullah Hamad1, Aous Kahtan Almzaien2, Firas Riyadh Jameel1

  • 1Department of Biotechnology, College of Applied Science, University of Fallujah, Al-Anbar 31002, Iraq.

Veterinary World
|January 20, 2025
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) effectively kills digestive cancer cells in esophageal and colorectal tumors. This promising virotherapy shows potential for cancer treatment, warranting further in vivo investigation.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Virology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Malignant diseases, including digestive cancers, are a leading cause of death.
  • Early detection and novel treatments are crucial for improving patient outcomes.
  • Newcastle disease virus (NDV) shows potential as an oncolytic virotherapeutic agent due to its safety and efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the oncolytic potential of virulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV).
  • To evaluate NDV's ability to infect, replicate, and induce cell death in esophageal and colorectal cancer cell lines.

Main Methods:

  • Two digestive cancer cell lines, esophageal carcinoma (SK-GT) and colorectal carcinoma (HRT), were treated with NDV.
  • NDV was applied at various multiplicities of infection (MOI): 1, 3, 5, 10, and 20.
  • Cytotoxic effects of NDV on cancer cells were assessed.

Main Results:

  • Esophageal and colorectal cancer cells (SK-GT) demonstrated a significant cytotoxic response to NDV.
  • The observed cytotoxicity was directly proportional to the NDV concentration (MOI).
  • The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of NDV was 5.736 for SK-GT and 9.878 for HRT cells.

Conclusions:

  • Newcastle disease virus (NDV) effectively replicates and induces cell death in esophageal and colorectal cancer cells in vitro.
  • NDV exhibits oncolytic activity against digestive tumor cells.
  • Further in vivo studies using mouse models are recommended to validate NDV's anti-tumor efficacy in a clinical setting.
Keywords:
Newcastle disease viruscancer cell linecolorectal carcinomaesophageal carcinomavirotherapy

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