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Photothermal Therapy Using Ag/TiO2 Core-Shell Nanoparticles Against Breast Cancer Cell Line: an In Vitro and In Vivo

Maeda H Mohammad1, Omar Hussein Khalaf2, Huda Mahmood Al-Attar3

  • 1Experimental Therapy Department, Iraqi Center for Cancer and Cancer and Medical Genetics Research, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq.

Journal of Lasers in Medical Sciences
|June 3, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Silver/Titanium Dioxide (Ag/TiO2) core-shell nanoparticles synthesized via Pulsed Laser Ablation in Liquid show promise as a photothermal therapy agent against breast cancer. In vivo studies confirmed the safety of these nanoparticles on normal tissues.

Keywords:
AMJ13CytotoxicityFiber laserHistopathologyIn vitroIn vivoNIRII- windowPLALPTT

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Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Pulsed Laser Ablation in Liquid (PLAL) offers a green synthesis route for nanoparticles (NPs).
  • Photothermal therapy (PTT) presents a potent anti-tumor strategy.
  • Ag/TiO2 core-shell NPs are explored as photothermal agents in the NIR-II window.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize Ag/TiO2 core-shell NPs using PLAL.
  • To evaluate the in vitro anti-tumor efficacy and in vivo safety of Ag/TiO2 NPs.
  • To assess Ag/TiO2 NPs as a photothermal agent for breast cancer treatment.

Main Methods:

  • TiO2 NPs synthesized via PLAL (1060 nm fiber laser).
  • Ag NPs added to TiO2 colloid to form core-shell structures.
  • In vitro anti-tumor assays against AMJ13 cell line with and without laser irradiation.
  • In vivo safety evaluation through histopathological analysis in mice.

Main Results:

  • Ag/TiO2 NPs in PBS demonstrated anti-breast cancer activity against AMJ13 cells.
  • Ag/TiO2 NPs synthesized in D.W. were biocompatible.
  • In vivo studies revealed no significant histopathological changes in mouse tissues.
  • Optimal PTT parameters (5W, 5 min) achieved >57% tumor cell growth inhibition.

Conclusions:

  • Ag/TiO2 core-shell NPs are effective and safe PTT agents in the NIR-II window.
  • These NPs show significant potential for treating the AMJ13 breast cancer cell line.
  • The synthesized NPs are safe for normal tissues in vivo.