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Systemic artery aneurysms - A marker of high-risk Kawasaki disease

Lamk Kadiyani1, Shivaprasad P Mohankumar1, Praveen Arumugam1

  • 1Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India.

Annals of Pediatric Cardiology
|January 20, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Kawasaki disease can affect large arteries, not just medium ones. This case highlights extensive large vessel involvement, including the aorta, alongside coronary aneurysms in an infant.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Rheumatology
  • Vascular Inflammation
  • Cardiovascular Pathology

Background:

  • Kawasaki disease is a leading cause of acquired heart disease in children.
  • It typically affects medium-sized arteries, particularly the coronary arteries.
  • Large systemic artery involvement is rare but can impact patient outcomes.

Observation:

  • A case report of an infant diagnosed with Kawasaki disease.
  • The infant presented with unusual and extensive vascular involvement.
  • Imaging revealed significant pathology in both large and medium-sized vessels.

Findings:

  • The patient exhibited widespread inflammation affecting the abdominal aorta (a large artery).
  • Medium-sized arteries in the extremities also showed signs of vasculitis.
  • Giant aneurysms were identified in the coronary arteries, indicating severe disease progression.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the potential for Kawasaki disease to manifest with extensive large artery pathology.
  • It emphasizes the need for thorough vascular assessment in severe or atypical presentations.
  • Understanding the spectrum of Kawasaki disease vasculitis is crucial for long-term patient management and prognosis.

Keywords:
Coronary aneurysmrefractory Kawasaki diseasesystemic aneurysmvasculitis

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