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More Complex Investigations Improved Diagnoses of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Children With Different Vaccination
Bibigul Tukbekova1, Aliya Zhanpeissova1, Akbota Kysabekova1
1Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Karaganda Medical University, Karaganda, Republic of Kazakhstan.
Insights
Pneumococcal vaccination impacts the causes of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in young children. Immunological markers like cytokines aid in diagnosing CAP severity in both vaccinated and unvaccinated pediatric patients.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases
- Immunology
- Microbiology
Background:
- Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a major cause of infant mortality in Kazakhstan.
- Effective treatment strategies for pediatric CAP are crucial.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the microbiological and immunological features of CAP in vaccinated versus unvaccinated children.
- To assess the diagnostic and prognostic value of cytokine levels in pediatric CAP.
Main Methods:
- Study conducted in Kazakhstan with 85 children (2 months–3 years) diagnosed with CAP.
- Patients were categorized into vaccinated (n=45) and unvaccinated (n=40) groups.
- Diagnosis confirmed via microscopy, bacteriology, radiology; vaccination status and clinical examinations performed.
Main Results:
- Cytokine levels, specifically monocytic chemoattractant protein-1, showed diagnostic and prognostic value related to CAP severity.
- Vaccinated children with mild CAP had lower MCP-1 levels (2.1 pg/mL) compared to unvaccinated children (3.4 pg/mL).
- Pneumococcal vaccination influenced the etiological profile of CAP in early childhood.
Conclusions:
- Complex clinical and immunological diagnostic methods enhance CAP diagnosis efficiency in children with varying vaccination histories.
- Understanding these differences is key for targeted interventions and improved outcomes in pediatric CAP.
Aim:
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) significantly contributes to high infant mortality in Kazakhstan and developing effective treatment methods is critical. The aim of this study was to explore the microbiological and immunological characteristics of CAP in vaccinated and unvaccinated paediatric patients.
Methods:
The study was carried out in the Regional Children's Clinical Hospital and the research centre of Karaganda Medical University, Republic of Kazakhstan. It comprised 85 children aged 2 months to 3 years who had been diagnosed with CAP and had received inpatient treatment from 2017 to 2019. Of these, 45 had complete pneumococcal vaccinations and 40 had not. Their CAP diagnoses were confirmed by microscopic, bacteriological and radiological methods and vaccination status. General clinical examinations were conducted.
Results:
The study showed the diagnostic and prognostic value of the level of cytokines, depending on the severity of the children's CAP. The level of monocytic chemoattractant protein-1 was 2.1 pg/mL in the vaccinated children with mild CAP and 3.4 pg/mL in those with impaired immunisation. Pneumococcal vaccination affected the aetiological structure of CAP in early childhood.
Conclusion:
More complex clinical and immunological diagnostic methods increased the efficiency of diagnosing CAP in children with different vaccination histories.
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