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Identifying Key Biomarkers in Pediatric Pulmonary Hypertension: An Investigative Approach

Farida Mindubayeva1, Lyudmila Akhmaltdinova2, Mariya Ospanova1

  • 1Department of Physiology, NCJSC «Karaganda Medical University», Karaganda 100000, Kazakhstan.

Children (Basel, Switzerland)
|June 27, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Early biomarkers 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) show promise for diagnosing pediatric pulmonary hypertension (PH) in children with congenital heart defects (CHD). These non-invasive markers offer a safer alternative for early detection and monitoring.

Area of Science:

  • Biomarkers and Diagnostics
  • Pediatric Cardiology
  • Pulmonary Hypertension Research

Background:

  • Pulmonary hypertension (PH) in children with congenital heart defects (CHD) poses significant diagnostic challenges.
  • Invasive diagnostic methods like right heart catheterization carry inherent risks.
  • There is a critical need for safe, non-invasive biomarkers for early PH detection and management in this vulnerable population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the diagnostic and monitoring utility of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) as early biomarkers for PH in pediatric CHD.
  • To establish non-invasive methods for assessing PH severity and progression.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort-based study involving blood and urine sample collection from pediatric patients with CHD.
  • Quantification of 5-HIAA and IGF-1 levels using enzyme immunoassays.
  • Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to determine diagnostic accuracy.

Main Results:

  • Significant alterations in 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) concentrations were observed across different biological samples (urine, plasma), indicating its role in serotonin metabolism and vascular remodeling associated with PH.
  • Plasma levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) were found to be significantly reduced, suggesting its involvement in the pathophysiology of pediatric PH.
  • ROC analysis demonstrated the diagnostic efficacy of both biomarkers, with 5-HIAA exhibiting high specificity and sensitivity for PH detection.

Conclusions:

  • 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) show significant correlation with the presence and severity of pulmonary hypertension in children with congenital heart defects.
  • These non-invasive biomarkers represent a valuable tool for early PH diagnosis and monitoring, offering a safer alternative to invasive procedures.
  • Further research is warranted to fully integrate these biomarkers into clinical practice for improved management of pediatric PH.

Keywords:
5-hydroxyindoleacetic acidchildrencongenital heart defectsinsulin-like growth factor 1pulmonary hypertension

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