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Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Is Associated With Endothelial Dysfunction in Women With HIV.

Nishant Vatsa¹, Alireza Rahbar¹, Tanveer Kauser¹

¹Division of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

|January 20, 2025

Summary

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is linked to endothelial dysfunction (ED) in women with HIV (WWH). This study found that PTSD severity and status independently worsen ED in WWH, highlighting a critical interaction between HIV and PTSD.

Keywords:

endothelial function human immunodeficiency virus posttraumatic stress disorder women

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Area of Science:

Cardiovascular Health
Infectious Diseases
Mental Health

Background:

Endothelial dysfunction (ED) is a key factor in cardiovascular disease (CVD) among women with HIV (WWH).
Psychosocial stress is suspected to contribute to CVD in HIV, but its specific impact on ED in WWH is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the hypothesis that posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and HIV interact to cause ED in WWH.
To determine the independent and interactive effects of PTSD and HIV on endothelial function.

Main Methods:

87 women from the Women's Interagency HIV Study were assessed for PTSD using the PTSD Checklist: Civilian Version (PCL-C).
Endothelial function was measured using brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD).
Linear regression models, adjusted for confounders, analyzed the impact of PTSD, HIV, and their interaction on FMD.

Main Results:

63.2% of participants had HIV, and 27.5% had PTSD; 14.9% had both conditions.
PTSD was associated with higher rates of smoking and depressive symptoms.
A significant interaction between HIV and PTSD (severity and status) was found, with both PTSD severity and status independently associated with lower FMD in WWH.

Conclusions:

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is independently associated with endothelial dysfunction (ED) in women with HIV (WWH).
Further research is needed to explore whether PTSD treatment can improve ED and reduce CVD risk in WWH.