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The Influence of Liver Resection on Intrahepatic Tumor Growth
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"Update on pediatric primary liver tumors".

Dolores López-Terrada1, Jens Stahlschmidt2, Antonio R Pérez-Atayde3

  • 1Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. doloresl@bcm.edu.

Virchows Archiv : an International Journal of Pathology
|January 21, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Pediatric liver cancer is rare, with hepatoblastoma being the most common type. Recent international collaborations and classifications improve diagnosis and treatment of these rare childhood liver tumors.

Keywords:
ChildhoodEpithelialHepatoblastomaLiverMesenchymalTumor

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Oncology
  • Hepatology
  • Cancer Genomics

Background:

  • Primary malignant liver neoplasms are rare in children, accounting for 1% of pediatric cancers.
  • Hepatoblastoma (HB) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are the most common primary liver malignancies.
  • Malignant mesenchymal and vascular tumors are less common but significant in pediatric liver cancer diagnoses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of diagnostic features for common pediatric liver neoplasms.
  • To update on the classification and molecular characterization of pediatric liver tumors.
  • To briefly discuss less common pediatric liver tumors relevant to differential diagnosis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature and international collaborative efforts (e.g., COG, SIOPEL).
  • Incorporation of the new international consensus-based classification of pediatric liver tumors (WHO classification).
  • Analysis of clinical, histopathological, and molecular data for pediatric liver neoplasms.

Main Results:

  • Hepatoblastoma is the most frequent pediatric liver malignancy, with increasing incidence.
  • A new international classification is incorporated into the WHO classification and therapeutic protocols.
  • Ongoing research focuses on understanding the biology and improving risk-stratification for pediatric liver tumors.

Conclusions:

  • International collaboration has significantly advanced the understanding of pediatric liver tumors, particularly HB.
  • Standardized classification and molecular characterization are crucial for diagnosis and treatment.
  • Continued research is essential for improving outcomes in rare pediatric liver cancers.