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Related Concept Videos

Sex-linked Disorders01:43

Sex-linked Disorders

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Like autosomes, sex chromosomes contain a variety of genes necessary for normal body function. When a mutation in one of these genes results in biological deficits, the disorder is considered sex-linked.
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Socioemotional Experience and Gender Development01:30

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Social-emotional experiences and cultural influences play significant roles in shaping gender development. During middle childhood, from ages 6 to 11, peer groups become dominant in reinforcing gender norms. Children in this age group often align with same-gender peer groups, which actively encourage behaviors that conform to traditional gender roles. For instance, boys may be discouraged from engaging in activities perceived as feminine, reinforcing culturally dictated norms about masculinity...
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The Ratio of X Chromosome to Autosomes02:45

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In most organisms, sex is determined by the ratio of X and Y chromosomes. However, in some organisms, such as Drosophila and C.elegans, sex is determined by the ratio of the number of X chromosomes to the number of sets of autosomes. The Y chromosome in Drosophila is active but does not determine sex. It contains genes responsible for the production of sperms in adult flies.  
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The Y Chromosome Determines Maleness02:19

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The Y chromosome is a sex chromosome found in several vertebrates and mammals, including humans. In addition to 22 pairs of autosomes, the human males have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome. In these organisms, the presence or absence of the Y chromosome determines the development of male traits.
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X-linked Traits01:19

X-linked Traits

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In most mammalian species, females have two X sex chromosomes and males have an X and Y. As a result, mutations on the X chromosome in females may be masked by the presence of a normal allele on the second X. In contrast, a mutation on the X chromosome in males more often causes observable biological defects, as there is no normal X to compensate. Trait variations arising from mutations on the X chromosome are called “X-linked”.
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The Scientific Method01:32

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The scientific method is a detailed, empirical problem-solving process used by biologists and other scientists. This iterative approach involves formulating a question based on observation, developing a testable potential explanation for the observation (called a hypothesis), making and testing predictions based on the hypothesis, and using the findings to create new hypotheses and predictions.
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Skeletal Muscle Gender Dimorphism from Proteomics
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[Gender differences in scientific publications].

Julia Esser1, Shachi Jenny Sharma1, Stefanie Jansen1

  • 1Klinik für Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde und Kopf- und Halschirurgie, Universität zu Köln, Medizinische Fakultät, Köln, Deutschland.

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This summary is machine-generated.

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Area of Science:

  • Otorhinolaryngology
  • Medical Publishing
  • Gender Studies

Context:

  • Analysis of authorship in German-speaking otorhinolaryngology journals (Laryngorhinootologie, HNO) from 2013-2023.
  • Examined 2,631 articles to assess gender distribution among first and last authors.
  • Focus on the scientific publication landscape within a specific medical specialty.

Purpose:

  • To investigate the representation of women in German-speaking otorhinolaryngology publications.
  • To quantify the proportion of female first and last authors over a decade.
  • To identify trends in gender distribution within the field's literature.

Summary:

  • Women constituted 26.6% of first authors and 14.6% of last authors in a 2013-2023 analysis.
  • A notable increase was observed: first authorship rose from 19.9% to 34.5%, and last authorship from 9.4% to 19.0%.
  • Despite upward trends, the proportion of women in senior authorship positions remains comparatively low.

Impact:

  • Highlights a growing but still limited presence of women in otorhinolaryngology authorship.
  • Suggests that continued efforts are needed to enhance gender diversity in scientific publishing.
  • Provides data to inform initiatives aimed at promoting women in academic otorhinolaryngology.