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Related Concept Videos

Larynx01:21

Larynx

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The human larynx, often referred to as the voice box, is an intricate organ located in the neck. It serves as a pathway for air to enter the lungs during respiration and is an essential component of voice production.
Anatomy of the Larynx
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Respiratory System Abnormal Finding II: Palpation and Auscultation01:31

Respiratory System Abnormal Finding II: Palpation and Auscultation

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In assessing respiratory abnormalities, palpation and auscultation are critical tools for detecting and interpreting various pathophysiological changes. These techniques provide insight into underlying disorders by evaluating tactile sensations and sounds produced by the respiratory system.
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A thorough assessment of respiratory health is paramount in clinical settings to identify and manage respiratory distress and ensure adequate oxygenation. This article elaborates on the critical aspects of respiratory evaluation, including airway assessment, skin color examination, and the observation of accessory muscle use, which are integral to effectively diagnosing and managing patients with respiratory conditions.
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Physical Assessment of the Respiratory Tract IV: Auscultation01:28

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Auscultation is a crucial component of the physical assessment of the respiratory tract. It offers valuable insights into airflow through the bronchial tree and potential lung obstructions. This process involves careful listening to breath, voice, and adventitious sounds, which can reveal a wealth of information about a patient's respiratory health.
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Suctioning the Oropharyngeal Airway01:25

Suctioning the Oropharyngeal Airway

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In preparing for oropharyngeal airway suctioning, a nurse must gather all necessary equipment, including a suction unit with tubing, a prepackaged suction kit, sterile gloves, water or saline for irrigation, a water-soluble lubricant, and additional personal protective equipment (such as a gown, mask, and goggles) to control infections.
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Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management01:26

Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management

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Patients with esophageal strictures often experience a range of symptoms. Initially, they may have difficulty swallowing solid foods, which can progress to include liquids. Additional symptoms may involve chest pain or discomfort, regurgitating food and fluids, heartburn, unintentional weight loss, coughing or choking during meals, and hoarseness.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2025

Minimally Invasive Murine Laryngoscopy for Close-Up Imaging of Laryngeal Motion During Breathing and Swallowing
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Minimally Invasive Murine Laryngoscopy for Close-Up Imaging of Laryngeal Motion During Breathing and Swallowing

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Yearling laryngeal function grades II.2 and below are not associated with reduced performance.

Josephine L Hardwick1,2, Benjamin J Ahern3, Kylie L Crawford4

  • 1School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.

Equine Veterinary Journal
|January 21, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Thoroughbred yearling laryngeal function (YLF) grades I, II.1, and II.2 show minimal differences in race performance. However, grade III.1 YLF is associated with reduced performance in horses aged four years and older.

Keywords:
RLNhorselarynxracehorsesaleupper airway

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Area of Science:

  • Equine science
  • Veterinary diagnostics
  • Animal performance studies

Background:

  • The correlation between Thoroughbred yearling laryngeal function (YLF) grading and subsequent race performance remains incompletely understood.
  • Laryngeal function is a critical factor influencing respiratory efficiency and athletic potential in racehorses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of yearling laryngeal function grading on the future race performance of Thoroughbreds.
  • To establish whether specific YLF grades are predictive of long-term racing success.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective cohort study analyzed endoscopic recordings from 5175 Thoroughbred yearlings sold in Australia between 2018-2019.
  • Race performance metrics, including career earnings and age-specific performance, were evaluated.
  • Multivariable generalized linear modeling was employed to assess the association between YLF grade and race outcomes.

Main Results:

  • The majority of yearlings (95%) presented with YLF grades I, II.1, or II.2, exhibiting negligible differences in race performance.
  • Horses with grade III.1 YLF demonstrated comparable early career performance to lower grades but showed significantly reduced performance from age four onwards.
  • Grade III.2 YLF was associated with lower overall career earnings compared to referent grades I/II.1.

Conclusions:

  • Yearling laryngeal function grading, particularly grades I, II.1, and II.2, shows minimal predictive value for early race performance.
  • While grade III.1 YLF does not impact early career earnings, it is linked to diminished race performance in older horses (≥4 years).
  • Further research is needed to address limitations such as lack of follow-up data and exclusion of unraced horses.