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Cross-Section of Hypertensive Molecular Signaling Pathways: Understanding Pathogenesis and Identifying Improved Drug
Jeyanthi Sankar1, Kannan Rajendran2, Ling Shing Wong3
1Pharmacogenomics and CADD Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India.
Insights
Hypertension, a chronic condition, is linked to cardiovascular and renal diseases. Understanding its complex genetic and non-genetic pathways, including the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS), is key to developing safer, effective blood pressure treatments.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Medicine
- Nephrology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Hypertension is a chronic condition significantly contributing to cardiovascular and renal diseases.
- Both genetic and non-genetic factors influence hypertension development.
- The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) is a primary genetic target for current antihypertensive strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review signaling pathways involved in hypertension pathogenesis.
- To elucidate the cross-talks among these pathways.
- To contribute to a better understanding of hypertension etiology and identify novel therapeutic targets.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of signaling pathways in hypertension.
- Analysis of RAAS-dependent and RAAS-independent pathways.
- Examination of interactions and cross-talks between different physiological systems.
Main Results:
- Classical antihypertensive drugs primarily target RAAS signaling.
- While effective in blood pressure control, these drugs can cause severe side effects.
- Novel therapeutic targets may arise from RAAS-dependent, RAAS-independent, or cross-talk pathways.
Conclusions:
- A comprehensive understanding of hypertension's physiopathological mechanisms is crucial.
- Investigating interactions between systems aids in identifying better drug targets.
- Emergence of novel therapeutics requires exploring diverse signaling pathways beyond RAAS.
Abstract:
Hypertension is a chronic medical state and a major determining factor for cardiovascular and renal diseases. Both genetic and non-genetic factors contribute to hypertensive conditions among individuals. The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) is a major genetic target for the anti-hypertension approach. The majority of classical antihypertensive drugs were mainly focused on the RAAS signaling pathways. Though these antihypertensive drugs control Blood Pressure (BP), they have mild to severe life-threatening effects. Unrevealing effective hypertensive targets for BP management is essential. The effective targets could emerge either from RAAS-dependent or RAAS-independent pathways and/or through the cross-talks among them. Analyzing the physiopathological mechanisms of hypertension has the benefit of understanding the interactions between these systems which helps in better understanding of drug targets and the importance of emergence of novel therapeutics. This review is about the signaling pathways involved in hypertension pathogenesis and their cross-talks and it contributes to a better understanding of the etiology of hypertension.
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