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Significance and Related Factors of Helicobacter pylori Infection in Children with Dyspepsia
1Department of Pediatrics, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea.
Insights
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is found in 16.2% of children with dyspepsia. Factors like obesity and family history increase risk, and H. pylori is linked to more severe peptic ulcer disease in children.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Gastroenterology
- Infectious Diseases
- Microbiology
Background:
- Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a significant pathogen linked to peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and gastric cancer.
- Limited data exists on H. pylori endoscopic findings and associated factors in pediatric dyspepsia patients.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the prevalence of H. pylori infection in children presenting with dyspepsia.
- To identify factors associated with H. pylori infection in this pediatric cohort.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of medical records for patients under 18 years undergoing upper endoscopy for dyspepsia (January 2015 - December 2022).
- H. pylori diagnosis via rapid urease test; dyspeptic symptoms included postprandial fullness, early satiation, epigastric pain, and nausea.
Main Results:
- Prevalence of H. pylori infection was 16.2% among 185 pediatric patients.
- Obesity, family history of H. pylori, and anemia were more common in infected children.
- H. pylori was found in 18.8% of PUD patients, associated with duodenal ulcers and increased risk of complications like obstruction and bleeding.
Conclusions:
- A low prevalence of H. pylori infection was observed in children with dyspepsia, but it correlated with a more severe clinical presentation.
- Screening for H. pylori is recommended in children with dyspepsia, particularly those with obesity or a family history of infection.
Purpose:
Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative bacterium that is associated with peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and gastric cancer. However, studies on the endoscopic finding and factors related to H. Pylori infection in children are lacking. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and factors associated with H. pylori infection in children with dyspepsia.
Methods:
We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of patients aged <18 years who underwent upper endoscopy for dyspepsia between January 2015 and December 2022. H. pylori was diagnosed using a rapid urease test, and the dyspeptic symptoms included postprandial fullness, early satiation, epigastric pain, and nausea.
Results:
Among 185 patients, the prevalence of H. pylori infection was 16.2%. Obesity and a family history of H. pylori infection were more frequently observed in patients with H. pylori infection than in those without. Anemia was also more common in patients with H. pylori infection than in those without. H. pylori was detected in six (18.8%) patients with PUD (n=32). All six patients had duodenal ulcers and anemia, and complications such as obstruction and bleeding were significantly more common among patients with PUD who were positive for H. pylori infection than among those without.
Conclusion:
We observed a low prevalence of H. pylori infection in children with dyspepsia; however, these children exhibited a more severe clinical course. Therefore, caution should be exercised in detecting H. pylori infection in children, especially, who had obesity or family history of H. pylori infection.
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