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Optimal carbonation depth in cement paste occurs at 55-65% relative humidity. Higher or lower humidity levels reduce cement carbonation depth, impacting material durability.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Civil Engineering

Background:

  • Carbonation is a critical degradation process affecting cement-based materials.
  • Understanding the influence of environmental factors like humidity is essential for predicting material service life.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of varying relative humidity on carbonation depth in hardened cement paste.
  • To validate the effectiveness of a 3-dimensional microscale kinetic Monte Carlo (kMC) approach in simulating carbonation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a 3-dimensional microscale kinetic Monte Carlo (kMC) simulation.
  • Analyzed the interplay between CO2 diffusion and relative humidity at the microscale.
  • Examined time series data to confirm adherence to Fick's law (x = k√t).

Main Results:

  • Maximum carbonation depth observed at 55-65% relative humidity.
  • Reduced carbonation depth at relative humidity levels below 55% and above 65%.
  • A parabolic relationship was identified between relative humidity and carbonation depth.

Conclusions:

  • Relative humidity significantly influences cement paste carbonation rates.
  • The kMC model accurately simulates microscale carbonation processes and their macro trends.
  • Humidity control is crucial for managing cement carbonation and ensuring material durability.