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Isolated splenic tuberculosis in an immunocompetent child: A case report
Saad Andaloussi1, Saad Annattah1, Mohammed Eljiar2
1Department of Pediatric Surgery, Mohamed VI University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Tetouan, Morocco.
International Journal of Surgery Case Reports
|January 22, 2025
Summary
Isolated splenic tuberculosis is rare, especially in immunocompetent children. Diagnosis requires histopathology, and early treatment of this rare extrapulmonary tuberculosis is key for favorable outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Pediatric Medicine
- Radiology
Background:
- Tuberculosis (TB) is a significant global health issue, predominantly affecting developing nations.
- Extrapulmonary tuberculosis, particularly isolated splenic tuberculosis, is infrequently documented and typically observed in immunocompromised patients.
- This case report aims to enhance medical understanding of splenic tuberculosis and its diagnostic and management complexities.
Observation:
- A 6-year-old immunocompetent child presented with fever and splenomegaly.
- Initial investigations, including imaging, suggested lymphoma, leading to a laparoscopic splenectomy.
- Histopathology of the spleen confirmed tuberculosis, despite no evident primary infection elsewhere.
Findings:
- Isolated splenic tuberculosis can occur in immunocompetent children.
- Splenic tuberculosis presents non-specifically, mimicking conditions like lymphoma or metastatic disease.
- Histopathological examination is definitive for diagnosing splenic tuberculosis.
Implications:
- Splenic tuberculosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of febrile splenomegaly in endemic regions.
- Prompt diagnosis and treatment of splenic tuberculosis are vital for preventing complications.
- This case highlights the importance of considering rare presentations of tuberculosis in pediatric patients.
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