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Related Concept Videos

Standing Waves in a Cavity01:28

Standing Waves in a Cavity

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A household microwave and lasers are examples of standing electromagnetic waves in a cavity. When two conducting metal plates are placed parallel at the nodal planes, it creates a cavity where standing waves are formed. The cavity between the two planes is analogous to a stretched string held at the points x = 0 and x = L. Here, the distance 'L' between the two planes must be an integer multiple of half of the wavelength. The wavelengths that satisfy this condition are given by:
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

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In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis.
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

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Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
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¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals01:02

¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals

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Spin systems where the difference in chemical shifts of the coupled nuclei is greater than ten times J are called first-order spin systems. These nuclei are weakly coupled, and their chemical shifts and coupling constant can generally be estimated from the well-separated signals in the spectrum.
As Δν decreases and the signals move closer, the doublets appear increasingly distorted. The intensities of the inner lines increase at the cost of those of the outer lines as the signals are...
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Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

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In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...
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NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

1.2K
The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
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Updated: May 31, 2025

Recording Spatially Restricted Oscillations in the Hippocampus of Behaving Mice
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Cavity-mediated iSWAP oscillations between distant spins.

Jurgen Dijkema1, Xiao Xue1, Patrick Harvey-Collard1

  • 1QuTech and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands.

Nature Physics
|January 23, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers achieved coherent interaction between two distant semiconductor spin qubits using a superconducting resonator. This breakthrough enables long-range qubit coupling, paving the way for scalable quantum computing networks.

Keywords:
Quantum dotsQuantum informationQubitsSingle photons and quantum effectsSuperconducting devices

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Computing
  • Quantum Information Science
  • Solid-State Physics

Background:

  • Direct interactions between quantum particles are limited by distance.
  • Quantum computing architectures require qubit interactions across various length scales.
  • Semiconductor spin qubits are a promising platform for quantum computation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate a long-range coherent interaction between semiconductor spin qubits.
  • To explore the use of superconducting resonators for mediating qubit-qubit coupling.
  • To investigate the potential for scalable quantum networks using spin qubits.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a superconducting resonator to mediate spin-spin coupling between two semiconductor spin qubits.
  • Operated the system in a regime of virtual photon exchange.
  • Measured anti-phase oscillations of spin qubit populations.

Main Results:

  • Achieved coherent interaction between spin qubits separated by 250 micrometers.
  • Observed controllable frequency oscillations consistent with iSWAP gates.
  • Demonstrated the potential for entangling operations within 10 nanoseconds.

Conclusions:

  • Superconducting resonators can mediate long-range coherent interactions between distant spin qubits.
  • This approach offers a pathway towards scalable quantum computing architectures.
  • The demonstrated technique holds promise for building networked quantum modules on a chip.