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Related Concept Videos

Factors Affecting Solubility04:01

Factors Affecting Solubility

Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Chȃtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
Factors Affecting α-Alkylation of Ketones: Choice of Base01:10

Factors Affecting α-Alkylation of Ketones: Choice of Base

α-Alkylation of ketones is achieved in the presence of alkyl halides and a base. The reaction proceeds via the formation of an enolate ion followed by nucleophilic substitution. The choice of base employed is essential as it is the key factor in determining the reaction outcome.
The reaction involving bases like EtO− whose conjugate acid EtOH (pKa = 15.9) is stronger than the ketone (pKa = 19.2) results in an equilibrium mixture with higher ketone concentration. As a consequence, side reactions...
Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Pharmaceutical Parameters01:28

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Pharmaceutical Parameters

Solid dosage forms such as tablets and capsules undergo rigorous manufacturing processes to ensure stability and effectiveness. Their dissolution and absorption properties are influenced significantly by the choice of excipients (inactive ingredients that serve various roles in the formulation), and the methodology applied during production. The manufacturing parameters, such as compression force and granulation techniques, significantly affect dissolution rates. Elevated compression forces...
Factors Affecting Dissolution: Polymorphism, Amorphism and Pseudopolymorphism01:21

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Polymorphism, Amorphism and Pseudopolymorphism

Polymorphism refers to the existence of a drug substance in multiple crystalline forms, known as polymorphs. Recently, this term has been expanded to include solvates (forms containing a solvent), amorphous forms (non-crystalline forms), and desolvated solvates (forms from which the solvent has been removed).
Some polymorphic crystals possess lower aqueous solubility than their amorphous counterparts, leading to incomplete absorption. For instance, the oral suspension of Chloramphenicol, which...
Factors Affecting Dissolution: Drug pKa, Lipophilicity and GI pH01:21

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Drug pKa, Lipophilicity and GI pH

Drug absorption within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is a complex process influenced by several critical factors, including the site pH, the drug's dissociation constant (pKa), and the drug's lipophilicity. The GI tract exhibits a pH gradient, with an acidic environment in the stomach and a more alkaline environment in the small intestine. This pH variation directly affects the ionization state of drugs.
A drug's pKa and the pH of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract play crucial roles in drug...
Factors Affecting Dissolution: Drug Permeability, Stability and Stereochemistry01:20

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Drug Permeability, Stability and Stereochemistry

Orally administered drugs primarily enter the systemic circulation via passive diffusion through the intestinal membranes. The drug's absorption is influenced by drug stability in the gastrointestinal GI tract, membrane permeability, the surface area available for absorption, luminal drug concentration, and residence time in the lumen. Drug permeability can be enhanced by adjusting the lipophilicity, polarity, or molecular size of the drug, promoting its passive transport across intestinal...

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Generation of Alginate Microspheres for Biomedical Applications
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Factors that affect alginates: a brief review.

Cesare D'Amico1,2, Francesca Gorassini3, Fabiana Nicita1

  • 1School of Dentistry, Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.

Minerva Dental and Oral Science
|January 23, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Alginate impression materials in dentistry perform best when mixed with the correct water-powder ratio and using mechanical mixing techniques like vacuum mixers. Proper handling minimizes distortion and ensures quality dental casts.

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Area of Science:

  • Dental Materials Science
  • Biomaterials Engineering

Background:

  • Alginates are widely utilized in dentistry for preliminary oral impressions due to their ease of use, cost-effectiveness, and patient comfort.
  • The quality of alginate impressions is significantly influenced by the mixing process and material composition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of various factors on the performance of alginate impression materials.
  • To identify optimal mixing techniques and conditions for improved alginate impression quality.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was conducted using electronic databases and manual searches.
  • Studies were analyzed to assess the effects of water-powder ratio, calcium ion concentration, disinfectant use, and mixing techniques on alginate properties.

Main Results:

  • The water-powder ratio and presence of calcium ions significantly influence alginate setting time, hardness, and elasticity.
  • Mechanical mixing techniques, specifically centrifugal and vacuum mixing, result in superior surface and internal porosity compared to manual methods.
  • Disinfectants like chlorhexidine can be used without compromising impression quality.

Conclusions:

  • Optimizing the water-powder ratio and employing mechanical mixing techniques are crucial for minimizing distortion and enhancing the performance of alginate impression materials.
  • Proper manipulation and disinfection protocols are essential for reliable dental impressions.