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Related Experiment Videos

Endocardial activation mapping and endocardial pace-mapping using a balloon apparatus.

J I Fann, J M Loeb, J LoCicero

    The American Journal of Cardiology
    |April 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study in dogs shows endocardial activation mapping and pace-mapping can precisely identify ventricular tachycardia (VT) origins. Pace-mapping confirms activation mapping findings, aiding in delineating arrhythmogenic regions for better VT treatment.

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    Area of Science:

    • Cardiovascular Electrophysiology
    • Cardiac Arrhythmia Research

    Background:

    • Endocardial activation mapping and pace-mapping are crucial for understanding ventricular tachycardia (VT).
    • Evaluating the correlation between these two mapping techniques is essential for refining VT ablation strategies.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To assess the relationship between endocardial activation mapping and endocardial pace-mapping in dogs.
    • To determine the accuracy and utility of pace-mapping in confirming activation mapping findings during VT.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a balloon apparatus with 32 bipolar electrodes inserted via left apical ventriculotomy in 8 dogs on cardiopulmonary bypass.
    • Induced ventricular tachycardia (VT) through left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion and reperfusion.
    • Performed activation mapping and pace-mapping, constructing isochronous maps for comparison.

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    Main Results:

    • 29 distinct VT morphologies were analyzed.
    • Group 1 (14 VT episodes): Pace-mapping confirmed activation mapping, with all early activation sites matching pace-map correlates.
    • Group 2 (9 VT episodes): Partial correlation observed, with pace-mapping aiding in delineating arrhythmogenic regions.
    • Group 3 (6 VT episodes): No correlation between pace-mapping and activation mapping.

    Conclusions:

    • Endocardial activation mapping can be performed without sustained monomorphic VT using the described balloon apparatus.
    • Endocardial pace-maps are easily generated and can confirm or refine activation mapping data.
    • The combined approach enhances the delineation of VT arrhythmogenic substrates.