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LLMs, Truth, and Democracy: An Overview of Risks.

Mark Coeckelbergh1

  • 1Department of Philosophy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. mark.coeckelbergh@univie.ac.at.

Science and Engineering Ethics
|January 23, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Large Language Models (LLMs) pose risks to truth and knowledge, impacting democracy. This paper analyzes these risks and suggests education as a solution.

Area of Science:

  • Philosophy of AI
  • Political Philosophy
  • Epistemology

Background:

  • Growing public concern exists regarding the impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly Large Language Models (LLMs), on truth and knowledge.
  • Despite these concerns, systematic philosophical analysis of the political implications of AI's impact on truth is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a philosophical analysis of truth-related risks associated with LLMs.
  • To examine the political implications of these risks for democratic societies.
  • To explore potential solutions, focusing on education.

Main Methods:

  • Overview of truth-related risks posed by LLMs: hallucination, misinformation, epistemic bubbles, bullshit, relativism, epistemic anachronism, and epistemic incest.
  • Philosophical argumentation to connect epistemic risks to democratic deficits.
Keywords:
Artificial intelligenceBullshitDemocracyEpistemic agencyTruth

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  • Reflection on potential interventions, particularly educational strategies.

    • Main Results:

    • LLMs introduce significant epistemic risks, including hallucination and the creation of epistemic bubbles.
    • These epistemic challenges undermine the foundational knowledge base necessary for robust democratic functioning.
    • Non-minimalist theories of democracy are particularly vulnerable to these AI-driven epistemic disruptions.

    Conclusions:

    • The proliferation of LLMs presents substantial political-epistemic risks that threaten democratic foundations.
    • Addressing these risks requires a multi-faceted approach, with education identified as a crucial site for intervention.
    • Further philosophical and political analysis is needed to navigate the complex relationship between AI, truth, and democracy.