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Correlation Between Indoxyl Sulfate in Chronic Kidney Disease and Olfactory Dysfunction
Irnanda-Warda-Rizki Nasution1, Tengku-Siti-Hajar Haryuna1, Delfitri Munir1
1Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jl. Dr. Mansur No. 5, Medan, 20155, INDONESIA.
Iranian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology
|January 24, 2025
Summary
Olfactory dysfunction is common in chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study found that higher levels of the uremic toxin Indoxyl Sulfate (IS) are linked to worse olfactory function in CKD patients.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Neuroscience
- Toxicology
Background:
- Olfactory dysfunction is a common complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD), worsening with disease progression.
- Uremic toxins, such as Indoxyl Sulfate (IS), accumulate in the blood of CKD patients and may contribute to neuronal damage.
- Renal failure can lead to neurological impairments, including olfactory deficits.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the relationship between Indoxyl Sulfate (IS) levels and olfactory function in patients with stage 5 CKD.
- To determine if the accumulation of IS correlates with specific aspects of olfactory function.
Main Methods:
- Studied 27 patients with stage 5 CKD undergoing regular hemodialysis.
- Measured plasma Indoxyl Sulfate (IS) levels.
- Assessed olfactory function using the Sniffin' Sticks test and performed correlation analysis.
Main Results:
- A significant negative correlation was observed between IS levels and overall olfactory function (r = -0.613; p = 0.001).
- IS levels also correlated negatively with olfactory threshold (r = -0.408; p = 0.035), discrimination (r = -0.807; p = 0.001), and identification (r = -0.703; p = 0.001).
Conclusions:
- Olfactory function is impaired in individuals with chronic kidney disease.
- The degree of olfactory impairment is associated with the accumulation of the uremic toxin Indoxyl Sulfate (IS).
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