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Perceptual Disturbances and Disorders in the ICD-11: An Overview and a Proposal for Systematic Classification.

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Summary

The International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) offers a new framework for classifying perceptual disturbances across all senses. This system aligns sensory disorder classification with pain classification, incorporating causal, temporal, suffering, and disability aspects.

Keywords:
ICD-11International Classification of Diseasesclassificationhallucinationpainperceptionsensorytinnitusvertigo

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Medical Classification
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • The World Health Organization's International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) is the global standard for health information.
  • Perceptual disturbances involve misinterpretations of sensory input, affecting reality perception across all modalities.
  • These disturbances are prevalent, cause suffering, and incur socioeconomic burdens, often acting as symptoms or distinct disease entities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a framework for classifying sensory disorders within the ICD-11.
  • To align the classification of sensory disorders with the established ICD-11 classification of pain.
  • To ensure a consistent and comprehensive approach to categorizing perceptual disturbances.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of the ICD-11 classification system, particularly its approach to pain.
  • Examination of the characteristics of perceptual disturbances across various sensory modalities.
  • Development of a proposed classification framework based on causal, temporal, suffering, and disability aspects.

Main Results:

  • The ICD-11 distinguishes between primary and secondary pain, a distinction not consistently applied to other sensory modalities.
  • A proposed framework for sensory disorders includes causal (primary/secondary), temporal (acute/chronic), suffering (cognitive/emotional/autonomic), and disability (social) aspects.
  • Sensory disturbances with present suffering and disability aspects are proposed to be classified as sensory disorders.

Conclusions:

  • A unified framework for classifying sensory disorders, mirroring the ICD-11's pain classification, is needed.
  • The proposed framework enhances the description and classification of perceptual disturbances.
  • This approach aims to improve understanding and management of sensory disorders and their impact.