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Multiplexed Fluorescent Microarray for Human Salivary Protein Analysis Using Polymer Microspheres and Fiber-optic Bundles

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A Microfluidic Paper-Based Device for Monitoring Urease Activity in Saliva.

Francisca T S M Ferreira¹, António O S S Rangel¹, Raquel B R Mesquita¹

¹CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal.

|January 24, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A novel 3D microfluidic paper-based analytical device (µPAD) offers early detection of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) by quantifying urease activity in saliva. This simple, portable method provides a lab-free alternative for CKD monitoring.

Keywords:

gas-diffusion membrane kinetic determination point-of-care saliva sample

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Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Analytical Chemistry
Point-of-Care Diagnostics

Background:

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) affects over 10% of the global population, necessitating innovative early detection methods.
Elevated urease levels in saliva of CKD patients present a promising biomarker for non-invasive monitoring.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and validate a novel 3D microfluidic paper-based analytical device (µPAD) for quantifying urease activity in human saliva.
To establish the device's performance characteristics, including its range, limits of detection and quantification, accuracy, and stability for point-of-care applications.

Main Methods:

A 3D µPAD was designed to detect urease activity via the conversion of urea to ammonia, inducing a colorimetric change in bromothymol blue.
The device's accuracy was validated by comparing saliva sample results against a commercial kit.
Stability and time-dependent measurements were assessed for point-of-care suitability.

Main Results:

The 3D µPAD successfully quantified urease activity in saliva within a range of 0.041–0.750 U/mL.
The limits of detection and quantification were determined to be 0.012 U/mL and 0.041 U/mL, respectively.
The device demonstrated stability for 4 months under vacuum storage and provided reliable results within 40 minutes of sample placement, with overall quantification achieved in 30 minutes.

Conclusions:

The developed 3D µPAD offers a simple, portable, and lab-free method for quantifying urease activity in saliva.
This technology presents a viable non-invasive alternative for early Chronic Kidney Disease detection and monitoring.