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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Lab01:21

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Lab

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For AAS measurements, samples must be introduced as clear solutions, often requiring extensive preliminary treatment to dissolve materials like soils, animal tissues, and minerals. Common methods for sample preparation include treatment with hot mineral acids, wet ashing, combustion in closed containers, high-temperature ashing, or fusion with reagents.
 Solutions containing organic solvents, such as low-molecular-mass alcohols, esters, or ketones, enhance absorbances by increasing...
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Sampling Methods: Sample Types01:18

Sampling Methods: Sample Types

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Sampling materials are classified into three main types: solid, liquid, and gas.
Solid samples include a variety of substances, such as sediments from water bodies, soil, metals, and biological tissues. Two standard methods for extracting sediments from water bodies are grab sampling and piston coring. Grab sampling involves using a device to collect a discrete sediment sample from the bottom of a water body with minimal disturbance. Grab samples do not always represent the entire area due to...
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Volatilization01:10

Volatilization

354
Volatilization gravimetry is an analytical technique that measures the mass lost due to the volatilization of the substance. This technique is used to estimate the amount of volatile material in a sample. To perform this method, heat a known amount of the sample to a high temperature in a crucible or other suitable vessel. The volatile substance in the sample evaporates, and the vapor is completely expelled from the crucible either by heating the sample or bubbling a stream of inert gas through...
354
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Overview01:27

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Overview

1.4K
Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) is a technique used to analyze elements by measuring electromagnetic radiation (EMR) absorbed by atoms, which causes them to transition to a higher-energy orbit. The most crucial step in AAS is atomization, where the analyte is converted into gas-phase atoms, typically through a flame or furnace. Some of these atoms become thermally excited in the flame, while most remain in the ground state.
When irradiated by EMR of a particular wavelength, these...
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Updated: May 31, 2025

Microsampling in Targeted Mass Spectrometry-Based Protein Analysis of Low-Abundance Proteins
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Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling in Toxicology.

Bruno Pires1,2,3, Gonçalo Catarro1,2,3, Sofia Soares1,2,3

  • 1Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal.

Toxics
|January 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) offers a stable, minimally invasive method for toxicological analysis. This technique enhances sample collection outside labs, improving patient compliance and operational efficiency in clinical and forensic toxicology.

Keywords:
clinical toxicologyforensic toxicologyvolumetric absorptive microsampling

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Area of Science:

  • Toxicology
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Traditional biological sample collection methods present challenges in stability, storage, and transportation.
  • Minimally invasive techniques are sought after for improved patient compliance and ease of sample collection.
  • Volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) has emerged as a promising alternative for biological sample acquisition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review VAMS methodologies and their applications in clinical and forensic toxicology.
  • To compare VAMS with other microsampling techniques, such as dried blood spots (DBSs).
  • To highlight the advantages and limitations of VAMS for toxicological analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on VAMS methodologies.
  • Comparative analysis of VAMS against traditional and other microsampling techniques.
  • Focus on VAMS application for drug and substance quantification in biological matrices.

Main Results:

  • VAMS offers accurate, minimally invasive sample collection with enhanced stability, storage, and transportation.
  • VAMS demonstrates superiority over DBSs in sample volume consistency and reduced environmental impact.
  • Limitations include higher costs and challenges in detecting underfilled samples.

Conclusions:

  • VAMS is a viable tool for toxicological analysis, enhancing patient compliance and operational efficiency.
  • The technique shows significant potential for both clinical and forensic toxicology applications.
  • Further development may address current limitations, solidifying VAMS's role in the field.