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Monitoring Lung Function with Electrical Impedance Tomography in the Intensive Care Unit
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Lung Function Changes with Acute +Gz Exposure as Assessed by Impulse Oscillometry.

Simon J W M Cornelissen, Erik Frijters, Gary Gray

    Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance
    |January 24, 2025
    PubMed
    Summary

    High Gz exposure in fighter pilots did not negatively impact lung function. Impulse oscillometry revealed potential improvements in small airway function due to anti-G straining maneuvers.

    Keywords:
    acceleration atelectasisanti-G straining maneuvercentrifugeimpulse oscillometryphysiological episodes

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    Area of Science:

    • Aerospace Medicine
    • Pulmonology
    • Human Physiology

    Background:

    • Fifth-generation fighter aircraft operations involve high gravitational forces (+Gz).
    • Concerns exist regarding the acute effects of +Gz exposure on military pilot lung function.
    • Impulse oscillometry (IOS) is a non-invasive method to assess lung function.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the acute effects of controlled +Gz exposure (up to +9 Gz) on lung function in military pilots.
    • To utilize impulse oscillometry (IOS) for assessing these effects.
    • To evaluate lung function changes in pilots from the Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) and Royal Netherlands Air Force (RNLAF).

    Main Methods:

    • Military pilots from RCAF (n=30) and RNLAF (n=28) underwent high G centrifuge training.
    • Lung function was measured using the TremofloTM IOS device during normal tidal breathing.
    • Baseline IOS measurements were taken, followed by post-exposure measurements within 2-10 minutes.

    Main Results:

    • Both RCAF and RNLAF studies showed significant increases in lung compliance and decreases in lung resistance.
    • A significant reduction in small airway resistance was observed, particularly in the RNLAF study.
    • These findings suggest a potential beneficial effect on small airway function at higher Gz levels.

    Conclusions:

    • Acute exposure to high +Gz, with anti-G suit and straining maneuver, demonstrated no negative effects on pilot lung function.
    • Evidence suggests potential improvement in small airway function.
    • The anti-G straining maneuver may contribute to improved lung function by increasing intrathoracic pressure and stretching small airways.