Insights into Cancer-Associated Thrombosis Leading Towards Ischemic Stroke

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Neurology
• Vascular Medicine

Background:

• Stroke is a major cause of disability, and its association with cancer is increasingly recognized.
• Cancer-associated stroke (CAS) incidence is rising due to improved cancer survival and therapies.
• Cancer influences stroke risk through direct effects, hypercoagulable states, infections, and cancer treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and mechanisms of stroke in cancer patients.
• To discuss biomarkers, signaling pathways, and transcription factors involved in CAS.
• To provide insights into the treatment and management of cancer-associated ischemic stroke.

Main Methods:

• Comprehensive literature review of studies on cancer and stroke.
• Analysis of mechanisms including direct oncogenic effects, coagulation, and treatment-related risks.
• Exploration of contributing factors like atherosclerosis and extracellular vesicles.

Main Results:

• Cancer is a significant risk factor for stroke, with various cancer types linked to ischemic events.
• Cancer treatments (chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery) elevate stroke risk.
• Atherosclerosis, EVs, and biomolecules play roles in CAS pathophysiology.

Conclusions:

• Stroke is a common and serious complication in cancer patients.
• There is an urgent need for collaborative strategies between oncologists and neurologists for CAS screening and prevention.