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Equine temporomandibular joint diseases: A systematic review
Tomasz Jasiński1, Bernard Turek1, Michał Kaczorowski2
1Department of Large Animal Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS - SGGW), Warsaw, Poland.
Equine Veterinary Journal
|January 25, 2025
Summary
Equine temporomandibular diseases (TMDs) are uncommon, with trauma being the most frequent cause. A comprehensive diagnostic approach, including radiography and CT, is crucial for effective management of these TMJ dysfunctions.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Medicine
- Equine Science
- Animal Health
Background:
- The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is essential for mandibular movement in horses.
- Temporomandibular diseases (TMDs) can significantly impair joint function and present with varied clinical signs.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review and synthesize existing clinical data and research findings on equine TMDs.
- To provide a comprehensive overview of equine TMDs based on published literature.
Main Methods:
- A systematic literature review was conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidelines.
- Searches were performed in major databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Knowledge).
- Included studies were categorized into septic TMJ arthritis, primary TMJ osteoarthritis (OA), and non-arthritic TMDs, with risk of bias assessment for research articles.
Main Results:
- Equine TMDs are reported in 51 publications, with septic TMJ arthritis (41.2%), fractures/luxations (29.4%), and primary TMJ OA (21.6%) as common types.
- Trauma is a suspected or confirmed cause in over half of TMD cases (54.9%).
- Clinical signs vary in severity; CT and radiography are the most utilized diagnostic imaging modalities.
Conclusions:
- Trauma is the leading cause of equine TMDs, which are infrequently documented.
- Diagnostic protocols for TMDs are inconsistent; a thorough history, TMJ examination, and radiography are recommended initial steps.
- Specific diagnostic tests, such as bacterial culture for septic arthritis and functional tests for OA, are advised.
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