Investigating the protein modification and degradation under the influence of petrol and kerosene

During any crime scene investigation, forensic experts gather a variety of evidence in various forms, often degraded, contaminated, or fragmentary in nature. Arson-associated suicide or homicidal cases often result in partial or complete burning of this evidence, making the acquisition of crucial information more challenging. Proteins found in biological samples serve as crucial sources of evidence in criminal investigations due to their abundance within the body and greater stability than another biological macromolecule. Protein based technologies are gaining momentum for investigating wide range of forensic cases. In the present study, we probed different modifications in chicken protein subjecting after burning with petrol and kerosene individually. Structural changes and modifications in burnt chicken meat protein samples were analyzed by various biophysical techniques, such as absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. Gel-based method such as electrophoresis was performed which showed different degradation patterns under the influence of petrol and kerosene. Our results showed that petrol-exposed meat sample caused higher rate of protein degradation than kerosene exposed samples, over a period of 12 days. Prevalent oxidative modifications, including increased carbonylation and decreased thiol levels were observed in both petrol and kerosene treated sample attributing oxidative stress environment caused by burning. Present study highlights that petrol is more potent in causing damage and protein modification than kerosene. Furthermore, this study elucidates the application of protein-based methods in forensic science, which can serve as a corroborative approach in ascertaining the cause of death in cases of burning, particularly where fuel has been utilized.