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Can fundus features tell us something about 3D eye shape?

Fabian Yii1,2, Niall C Strang3, Samuel Gibbon1,2

  • 1Robert O Curle Ophthalmology Suite, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.

Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics : the Journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)
|January 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Fundus imaging reveals 3D eye shape details beyond refractive error alone. Specific features like optic disc-fovea angle and retinal vessel caliber correlate with ocular asphericity, even with similar refractive error.

Keywords:
eye shapefundusmagnetic resonance imagingmyopiarefractive errorretina

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Medical Imaging
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Spherical equivalent refraction (SER) is a primary measure of refractive error.
  • Understanding 3D eye shape is crucial for diagnosing and managing various ocular conditions.
  • Current methods may not fully capture the complex geometry of the posterior eye.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if fundus photograph imaging features provide 3D eye shape information beyond SER.
  • To explore the relationship between ocular asphericity and specific fundus imaging parameters.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 99 eyes from UK Biobank participants using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and fundus photographs.
  • Ellipsoidal fitting to posterior eye volume to compute asphericity (horizontal and vertical meridians).
  • Mixed-effects linear regression models to assess associations between SER, fundus features, and asphericity, controlling for age and sex.

Main Results:

  • Posterior eyes were generally oblate, tending towards prolateness in high myopia.
  • Optic disc orientation, OD-fovea angle, and central retinal arteriolar/venular equivalent (CRAE/CRVE) showed univariable associations with asphericity.
  • A more negative OD-fovea angle and decreasing CRAE remained significantly associated with reduced horizontal and vertical oblateness after controlling for SER, age, and sex.

Conclusions:

  • Fundus imaging features, specifically OD-fovea angle and CRAE, offer insights into ocular asphericity.
  • These findings suggest that fundus photography captures eye shape information not present in SER alone.
  • This could enhance diagnostic capabilities for conditions related to eye shape variations.