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Exploring Individual Differences in Interoception Among Athletes Based on a Three-Dimensional Construct of

Renjie Zeng^1,2,3, Haoran Shen^2,3, Yaping He^2,3

¹School of Psychology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China.

Psychophysiology

|January 26, 2025

Summary

Athletes exhibit superior interoceptive abilities, including sensibility, accuracy, and awareness, compared to non-athletes. Elite athletes show higher interoception than recreational athletes, suggesting it

Keywords:

athletes interoception sex differences sport performance

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Area of Science:

Sports Science
Neuroscience
Psychology

Background:

Sensorimotor training is known to improve interoceptive abilities.
Athletes engage in extensive physical training, often including sensorimotor components.
Individual differences in interoception may influence athletic performance.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate interoceptive differences across various athlete levels and sexes.
To apply a three-dimensional model of interoception (sensibility, accuracy, awareness).
To explore the relationship between athletic experience and interoceptive traits.

Main Methods:

Recruited 26 elite athletes, 52 recreational athletes, and 50 college students.
Utilized the Multidimensional Assessment of Interceptive Awareness (MAIA) and Heartbeat Detecting Task (HDT).
Measured interoceptive sensibility, accuracy, and awareness.

Main Results:

Athletes demonstrated significantly higher interoceptive sensibility, accuracy, and awareness than controls.
Elite athletes outperformed recreational athletes across all interoceptive measures.
Interoceptive sensibility in elite athletes correlated positively with experience; males showed higher sensibility and awareness than females.

Conclusions:

Athletic experience and sex are linked to variations in interoceptive abilities.
Interoceptive ability appears to be an experience-dependent trait crucial for athletic performance.
Enhancing interoceptive abilities may offer a pathway to improve sports performance.