Gelatin Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Composite 3D Printed Semi Biological Mesh for Abdominal Hernia Treatment

Hernia is characterized by the protrusion of organs or tissue through weakened areas in the abdominal cavity wall. A common treatment for hernia involves the implantation of a mesh which promotes the growth of new tissue around or within the implanted material in the damaged area. The mesh is typically made from synthetic materials like polypropylene. However, such meshes have safety concerns like biofilm and scar tissue formation, foreign body reactions, and chronic pain. These concerns gave rise to the development of biological meshes. Owing to mechanical weakness, biological meshes fail due to migration and rapid degradation. This study is aimed to develop a mechanically viable biopolymer-based composite degradable mesh. A gelatin-MWCNT composite 3D printed mesh has been developed with different pore sizes and filament sizes. Adding MWCNTs improved the composite's ductility, printability, hydrophilicity, and modulus, and reduced its degradation rate. The 3D-printed mesh also showed signs of cell attachment and proliferation representing non-toxicity of MWCNTs within the composite materials. The data showed improved cell adherence due to the incorporation of MWCNTs within the composite materials. Among the various material compositions tested, the composite material with gelatin with 0.01 g MWCNTs gave the optimum mechanical strength and biocompatibility results.