Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

36
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
36
Modeling in Therapy01:26

Modeling in Therapy

43
Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in...
43
Conduct Disorder01:28

Conduct Disorder

25
Conduct disorder is a complex mental health diagnosis characterized by a repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior that violates societal norms, the rights of others, or age-appropriate rules. The diagnostic criteria for conduct disorder require the presence of at least three problematic behaviors within the past 12 months, with at least one occurring in the past six months. These behaviors are grouped into four categories: aggression toward people and animals; destruction of property;...
25
Oppositional Defiant Disorder01:30

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

23
A persistent pattern of angry or irritable mood, defiant behavior, or vindictiveness characterizes Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). Symptoms must occur over at least six months, involve interactions with individuals beyond siblings, and meet specific diagnostic criteria to be clinically significant. The disorder affects emotional regulation, social interactions, and behavior, often manifesting early in life and influencing long-term development and functioning.
Diagnostic Criteria and...
23
Personality Disorders: Dependent and Obsessive-Compulsive01:24

Personality Disorders: Dependent and Obsessive-Compulsive

36
Dependent personality disorder and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder are two separate psychological conditions that influence behavior, relationships, and overall life functioning. Though both involve maladaptive behaviors, their core characteristics and motivations differ significantly.
 Dependent Personality Disorder
Dependent personality disorder is characterized by an excessive reliance on others to manage various aspects of life. Individuals with this disorder often struggle...
36
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder01:28

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

34
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental health condition characterized by recurrent obsessions, compulsions, or both, which consume significant time and interfere with daily functioning. Obsessions involve persistent, intrusive, and unwanted thoughts, images, or urges that evoke anxiety. Common examples include irrational fears of contamination or harm. Compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental acts performed to reduce the anxiety caused by obsessions. For instance, individuals...
34

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The increasing use of cognitive enhancing drugs by those with ADHD and neurotypical individuals: Societal demands, lifestyle preferences, and ethical issues.

Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England)·2026
Same author

Response to interpreting cross-sectional comparisons of menopausal status and brain outcomes.

Psychological medicine·2026
Same author

TranDep: a transcriptomics atlas of depression.

Molecular psychiatry·2026
Same author

Analysis of whole genome sequencing and plasma metabolomics unveil genetic determinants and clinical implications for human health.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Learning Mechanisms in Alcohol Use Disorders.

Addiction biology·2026
Same author

Multimodal Psychophysiological Assessment of Craving in Patients With Alcohol Dependence During Virtual Reality Cue Exposure: Exploratory Single-Arm Clinical Study.

JMIR serious games·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2025

Event Related Potentials ERPs and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ADHD
10:02

Event Related Potentials ERPs and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ADHD

Published on: March 12, 2020

15.5K

Hierarchical Neurocognitive Model of Externalizing and Internalizing Comorbidity.

Tianye Jia1, Chao Xie2, Shitong Xiang2

  • 1Fudan University.

Research Square
|January 27, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study identifies two distinct brain network patterns linked to externalizing and internalizing mental health symptoms. These findings support a hierarchical model of psychopathology, crucial for developing targeted treatments.

More Related Videos

Comparing Eye-tracking Data of Children with High-functioning ASD, Comorbid ADHD, and of a Control Watching Social Videos
05:32

Comparing Eye-tracking Data of Children with High-functioning ASD, Comorbid ADHD, and of a Control Watching Social Videos

Published on: December 7, 2018

8.9K
Signal Attenuation as a Rat Model of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
09:29

Signal Attenuation as a Rat Model of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

Published on: January 9, 2015

15.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 30, 2025

Event Related Potentials ERPs and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ADHD
10:02

Event Related Potentials ERPs and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ADHD

Published on: March 12, 2020

15.5K
Comparing Eye-tracking Data of Children with High-functioning ASD, Comorbid ADHD, and of a Control Watching Social Videos
05:32

Comparing Eye-tracking Data of Children with High-functioning ASD, Comorbid ADHD, and of a Control Watching Social Videos

Published on: December 7, 2018

8.9K
Signal Attenuation as a Rat Model of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
09:29

Signal Attenuation as a Rat Model of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

Published on: January 9, 2015

15.4K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Psychiatric comorbidity suggests underlying hierarchical factors.
  • Neurobiological underpinnings of these multilevel factors require further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize neurobiological factors associated with externalizing and internalizing psychopathology.
  • To propose a hierarchical neurocognitive spectral model for comorbid mental illnesses.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a brain-behavior predictive framework with longitudinal imaging-genetic data (IMAGEN cohort).
  • Validated findings across six independent datasets (N=3,765, ages 10–36).

Main Results:

  • Identified two reproducible neural factors: hyperconnectivity in externalizing (impulsivity) and hypoconnectivity in internalizing (goal-directed) circuits.
  • These factors showed distinct cognitive-behavioral relevance, genetic substrates, and developmental trajectories.
  • Proposed a hierarchical model including a general neuropsychopathological factor and two stratified factors.

Conclusions:

  • Findings support a hierarchical neurocognitive spectral model of psychopathology from preadolescence to adulthood.
  • This model offers insights into the neurobiological basis of comorbid mental disorders.
  • Crucial for developing stratified therapeutic interventions for mental health conditions.