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Related Concept Videos

What is Genetic Engineering?00:49

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Overview
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Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
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Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
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RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification where a precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) nucleotide sequence is changed by base insertion, deletion, or modification. The extent of RNA editing varies from a few hundred bases, in mitochondrial DNA of trypanosomes, to a just single base, in nuclear genes of mammals. Even a single base change in the pre-mRNA can convert a codon for one amino acid into the codon for another amino acid or a stop codon. This type of re-coding can significantly affect the...
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The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
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To learn more about the function of a gene, researchers can observe what happens when the gene is inactivated or “knocked out,” by creating genetically engineered knockout animals. Knockout mice have been particularly useful as models for human diseases such as cancer, Parkinson’s disease, and diabetes.
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Updated: May 30, 2025

Enhanced Genome Editing with Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein in Diverse Cells and Organisms
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Gene Editing: Developments, Ethical Considerations, and Future Directions.

Manav C Parikh1

  • 1University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.

Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives
|January 27, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review covers advancements in CRISPR gene editing, discusses ethical concerns, and explores the future of human germline editing research.

Keywords:
BioethicsBiotechnologyGenome/genomicsGermline editingHe JiankuiOversightRegulationSomatic cell editing

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Genetics
  • Bioethics

Background:

  • CRISPR technology has revolutionized genetic engineering.
  • Germline editing presents unique ethical challenges.
  • Rapid advancements necessitate ongoing ethical discourse.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent CRISPR technology developments.
  • To examine ethical considerations in gene editing applications.
  • To discuss future prospects for human germline editing.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of CRISPR advancements.
  • Analysis of ethical frameworks for gene editing.
  • Synthesis of current research trends and future outlooks.

Main Results:

  • CRISPR technology continues to evolve with enhanced precision and efficiency.
  • Significant ethical debates surround the application of germline editing.
  • Future directions involve refining techniques and establishing global governance.

Conclusions:

  • CRISPR offers immense therapeutic potential but requires careful ethical navigation.
  • Germline editing necessitates a cautious, globally coordinated approach.
  • Continued research and public discourse are crucial for responsible innovation.