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Exploring ferroptosis and miRNAs: implications for cancer modulation and therapy
Mobarakeh Ajam-Hosseini1, Sadegh Babashah2
1Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box: 14115-154, Tehran, Iran.
Abstract:
Ferroptosis is a novel, iron-dependent form of non-apoptotic cell death characterized by the accumulation of lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial shrinkage. It is closely associated with the onset and progression of various diseases, especially cancer, at all stages, making it a key focus of research for developing therapeutic strategies. Numerous studies have explored the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in regulating ferroptosis by modulating the expression of critical genes involved in iron metabolism and lipid peroxidation. Due to their diversity, unique properties, and dynamic expression patterns in diseases, exosomal miRNAs are emerging as promising biomarkers. Exosomes act as biological messengers, delivering miRNAs to target cells through specific internalization, thus influencing the ferroptosis response in recipient cells. This review summarizes the roles of miRNAs, with particular focus on exosomal miRNAs, in ferroptosis and their implications for cancer pathology. By examining the molecular mechanisms of miRNAs, we aim to provide valuable insights into potential therapeutic approaches.
Insights
Ferroptosis, a cell death linked to cancer, is regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs). Exosomal miRNAs show promise as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for managing ferroptosis in cancer pathology.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Molecular Biology
- Oncology
Background:
- Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent cell death pathway involving lipid ROS accumulation and mitochondrial changes.
- Ferroptosis is implicated in various diseases, particularly cancer, driving research into therapeutic strategies.
- MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of ferroptosis, influencing genes in iron metabolism and lipid peroxidation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the role of miRNAs, especially exosomal miRNAs, in ferroptosis.
- To explore the implications of exosomal miRNAs in cancer pathology.
- To provide insights into potential therapeutic approaches targeting miRNA-mediated ferroptosis.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on miRNAs, exosomal miRNAs, and ferroptosis.
- Analysis of molecular mechanisms underlying miRNA regulation of ferroptosis.
- Examination of exosomal miRNA functions as biomarkers and therapeutic agents.
Main Results:
- Exosomal miRNAs act as messengers, delivering regulatory molecules to target cells.
- miRNAs modulate ferroptosis by affecting critical genes in iron metabolism and lipid peroxidation pathways.
- Exosomal miRNAs exhibit dynamic expression patterns, making them potential cancer biomarkers.
Conclusions:
- miRNAs, particularly exosomal miRNAs, play a significant role in ferroptosis.
- Exosomal miRNAs offer potential as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis.
- Targeting exosomal miRNAs presents a promising avenue for novel cancer therapeutic strategies.
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