Implementing targeted vaccination activities to address inequalities in vaccination: a qualitative study

As the UK COVID-19 vaccination programme progressed, greater emphasis was placed on the implementation of localized targeted vaccination activities to address inequalities in vaccination coverage. This study examines one UK region's approach to the delivery of targeted vaccination activities and identifies key factors influencing implementation.

Qualitative interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of key individuals involved in vaccination delivery across Greater Manchester (GM). A rapid analysis approach was adopted. A template based on the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research helped to guide analysis.

Twenty-seven participants were interviewed, from nine of the 10 GM localities. All areas planned to implement targeted vaccination activity, but size and scope varied. Five factors influencing the implementation of targeted vaccination approaches were identified: (i) integrated working; (ii) data availability and monitoring, (iii) engagement with populations and communities, (iv) resources and infrastructure, and (v) external policies and procedures.

The study provides wider lessons for future public health interventions around the need for collaborative working, adequately resourced community engagement, appropriate data, long-term workforce/system planning and coherence in policy and messaging. These findings have led to the generation of six key insights for the implementation of future targeted vaccination programmes.