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Equipments Used to Measure Body Temperature01:13

Equipments Used to Measure Body Temperature

954
Body temperature can be assessed using various devices and measured in Celsius or Fahrenheit.
Glass-bulb Thermometer:
Glass-bulb thermometers are hollow glass tubes with a bulb tip containing liquid such as ethanol or mercury. Historically, glass bulb mercury thermometers were the standard device to measure body temperature. Today, mercury thermometers are prohibited in many countries due to the hazardous effects of mercury and the risk of exposure if the glass bulb breaks. In general,...
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Updated: May 30, 2025

Conformable Wearable Electrodes: From Fabrication to Electrophysiological Assessment
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Polymer-Layered Optical Wearable (PLOW) for Healthcare Applications: Temperature and Stretching Monitoring.

Pratik Mishra1, Devendra Nath Goswami1, Santosh Kumar2

  • 1Nanophotonics and Plasmonics Laboratory, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752050, India.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|January 28, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel optical wearable system capable of sensing both temperature and stretching. Dual-layer designs excel in temperature sensing, while single-layer systems offer superior stretching detection for health monitoring.

Keywords:
health monitoringpolymer-layered sensorsreal-time monitoringstretching monitoringtemperature detectionwearable sensors

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Area of Science:

  • Optoelectronics
  • Wearable Technology
  • Biomedical Sensors

Background:

  • Accurate sensing of temperature and stretching is vital for healthcare and human-machine interaction.
  • Existing wearable sensors often face limitations in sensitivity, stability, or multi-modal sensing capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and compare single-mode fiber-based optical wearable systems for simultaneous temperature and stretching detection.
  • To evaluate the performance of single-layer versus dual-layer polymer designs for these sensing applications.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of balloon-shaped, single- and dual-polymer-layered optical wearables (PLOWs) using single-mode fiber.
  • Characterization of temperature sensitivity by measuring wavelength shifts with varying temperatures.
  • Assessment of stretching sensitivity under longitudinal and lateral strain conditions.

Main Results:

  • Dual-layer PLOWs demonstrated significantly higher temperature sensitivity (-1.39 nm/°C) compared to single-layer PLOWs (-0.18 nm/°C), attributed to the bipolymer's thermo-optic properties.
  • Single-layer PLOWs exhibited superior performance in both longitudinal and lateral stretching detection due to greater shape variability.
  • Both systems showed fast temporal response, high-temperature tolerance, and long-term stability.

Conclusions:

  • The developed PLOW systems offer promising capabilities for real-time monitoring of physiological parameters like skin temperature and pulse.
  • The choice between single- and dual-layer designs depends on the primary sensing requirement (stretching vs. temperature).
  • These optical wearables have broad potential applications in healthcare, robotics, and human-machine interfaces.