Longitudinally aligned inner-patterned silk fibroin conduits for peripheral nerve regeneration
Ane Escobar1,2,3, Mariana R Carvalho1,2, Tiago H Silva1,2
13B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal.
In Vitro Models
|January 28, 2025
Summary
New silk fibroin nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) promote regeneration after peripheral nerve injuries. These biocompatible grafts offer improved mechanical properties and prevent scar tissue, enhancing nerve repair potential.
Area of Science:
- Biomaterials Science
- Regenerative Medicine
- Tissue Engineering
Background:
- Peripheral nerve injuries pose significant clinical challenges, often requiring grafts for functional recovery.
- Current grafting methods face limitations in promoting spontaneous nerve regeneration.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and characterize novel silk fibroin-based nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) for peripheral nerve repair.
- To evaluate the physicochemical, mechanical, and biological properties of these SF NGCs.
Main Methods:
- Synthesis of covalently cross-linked silk fibroin hydrogel NGCs using concentric and patterned molds.
- Characterization of NGCs' wall thickness, mechanical properties (Young's modulus, kinking resistance), and biocompatibility in simulated body fluid.
- In vitro assessment of NGCs' effect on cell proliferation (iSCs) and fibroblast infiltration.
Main Results:
- Thicker SF NGCs (~400 μm) exhibited enhanced resistance to kinking and improved mechanical strength.
- Conduits showed no salt deposition, indicating no calcification in simulated body fluid.
- Longitudinally aligned patterns on NGCs enhanced iSC proliferation, and the SF wall prevented fibroblast infiltration, minimizing scar tissue formation.
Conclusions:
- Silk fibroin-based NGCs are versatile and possess suitable properties for peripheral nerve regeneration.
- The developed NGCs demonstrate excellent biocompatibility and mechanical integrity, addressing key challenges in nerve repair.
