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Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...
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Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

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Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
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Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:24

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Introduction
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.
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Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation01:28

Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Unlike the easy catalytic hydrogenation of an alkene double bond, hydrogenation of a benzene double bond under similar reaction conditions does not take place easily. For example, in the reduction of stilbene, the benzene ring remains unaffected while the alkene bond gets reduced. Hydrogenation of an alkene double bond is exothermic and a favorable process. In contrast, to hydrogenate the first unsaturated bond of benzene, an energy input is needed; that is, the process is endothermic. This is...
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Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

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The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
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Limiting Reactant02:27

Limiting Reactant

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The relative amounts of reactants and products represented in a balanced chemical equation are often referred to as stoichiometric amounts. However, in reality, the reactants are not always present in the stoichiometric amounts indicated by the balanced equation.
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Guanine-Assisted Contrived Low Pt-Integrated Mo2C/C for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction.

Tapan Ping1,2, Smruti Vardhan Purohit1,2, Sushant P Sahu3

  • 1Materials Chemistry Department, CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751013, India.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids
|January 28, 2025
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Summary

Researchers developed a low-platinum catalyst (1 wt % Pt/Mo2C/C) for efficient hydrogen evolution reactions (HERs). This novel material demonstrates high stability and Pt-like performance, paving the way for scalable green hydrogen production.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • High cost of platinum (Pt) hinders large-scale hydrogen production via water electrolysis.
  • Efficient hydrogen evolution reactions (HERs) are crucial for renewable energy and sustainable hydrogen generation.
  • Developing stable, cost-effective electrocatalysts with Pt-like properties is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize a novel low-Pt catalyst (1 wt % Pt/Mo2C/C) for enhanced HER activity.
  • To investigate the structural and electronic properties influencing the catalyst's performance.
  • To assess the catalyst's efficiency and long-term stability for potential industrial applications.

Main Methods:

  • Facile synthesis of 1 wt % Pt/Mo2C/C via guanine-assisted, solid-state calcination, and chemical reduction.
  • Characterization using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) to determine Pt loading.
  • Electrochemical testing to evaluate HER activity, overpotential, Tafel slope, and long-term stability.
  • Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations to understand active sites and hydrogen adsorption energy (ΔGH*).

Main Results:

  • The synthesized 1 wt % Pt/Mo2C/C catalyst exhibited superior HER activity compared to commercial Pt/C.
  • Achieved a low overpotential of 19 mV at 10 mA cm-2 with a Tafel slope of 28 mV/dec.
  • Demonstrated excellent long-term stability, operating for 42 hours in 0.5 M H2SO4.
  • DFT calculations confirmed reduced hydrogen adsorption energy (ΔGH* = -0.06 eV) on the Pt-integrated Mo2C/C, indicating higher catalytic activity.

Conclusions:

  • The guanine-assisted synthesis provides a scalable method for producing highly efficient, low-Pt catalysts.
  • The synergistic effect between Pt, Mo2C, and N-doped carbon enhances catalytic performance for HER.
  • This work offers a promising pathway towards cost-effective and scalable hydrogen generation through electrochemical water splitting.