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The two action mechanisms of plant cryptochromes
1Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences at Weifang, Weifang, Shandong 261325, China.
Abstract:
Plant cryptochromes (CRYs) are photolyase-like blue-light receptors that contain a flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) chromophore. In plants grown in darkness, CRYs are present as monomers. Photoexcited CRYs oligomerize to form homo-tetramers. CRYs physically interact with non-constitutive or constitutive CRY-interacting proteins to form the non-constitutive or constitutive CRY complexes, respectively. The non-constitutive CRY complexes exhibit a different affinity for CRYs in response to light, and act by a light-induced fit (lock-and-key) mechanism. The constitutive CRY complexes have a similar affinity for CRYs regardless of light, and act via a light-induced liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) mechanism. These CRY complexes mediate blue-light regulation of transcription, mRNA methylation, mRNA splicing, protein modification, and proteolysis to modulate plant growth and development.
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