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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
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Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
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Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

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An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and...
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Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

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Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
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Secondary Lymphoid Organs01:15

Secondary Lymphoid Organs

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Secondary organs, including lymph nodes, the spleen, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), work harmoniously to protect us from disease and infection.
The spleen is a vital organ in the lymphatic system, nestled in the upper left side of the abdomen. It is composed of two primary regions: the red pulp and the white pulp, each having distinct functions. The red pulp performs a significant role in blood filtration. It efficiently purges the blood of old or damaged red blood cells and...
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Related Experiment Video

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Myeloid Innate Signaling Pathway Regulation by MALT1 Paracaspase Activity
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Development and Functions of MAIT Cells.

Marion Salou1, Rafael A Paiva1, Olivier Lantz1,2,3

  • 1Immunity and Cancer, INSERM U932, PSL University, Institut Curie, Paris, France; email: marion.salou@curie.fr, rafael.de-almeida-paiva@curie.fr, olivier.lantz@curie.fr.

Annual Review of Immunology
|January 29, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are evolutionarily conserved immune cells. This review explores their conservation, functions, and therapeutic potential in various diseases.

Keywords:
MAIT cellsanti-infectious immunityimmune regulationmicrobiotatherapeuticstissue repair

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are a unique T cell population conserved across mammalian evolution.
  • Their abundance and evolutionary conservation suggest critical, nonredundant roles in host defense and homeostasis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evolutionary conservation and developmental origins of MAIT cells.
  • To elucidate the diverse effector functions of MAIT cells in different physiological and pathological contexts.
  • To discuss MAIT cell alterations in disease and emerging therapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on evolutionary conservation, development, and function of MAIT cells.
  • Analysis of in vivo models to understand MAIT cell behavior in disease states.
  • Synthesis of current research on MAIT cell manipulation for therapeutic applications.

Main Results:

  • MAIT cells recognize microbial metabolites and possess broad effector functions including cytotoxicity, cytokine production, and tissue repair.
  • MAIT cell numbers and phenotypes are dynamically altered in various disease conditions.
  • Emerging evidence highlights MAIT cells as promising targets for immunotherapies.

Conclusions:

  • MAIT cells are evolutionarily significant immune sentinels with multifaceted roles.
  • Understanding MAIT cell plasticity in disease is crucial for developing targeted therapies.
  • MAIT cell-based interventions represent a promising frontier in treating inflammatory and infectious diseases.