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Causal Links Between Bone Diseases and Temporomandibular Disorders
Ling Zhang1, Qinghua Zhang2, Dong Zhao3
1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.
International Dental Journal
|January 29, 2025
Summary
Bone and joint diseases like ankylosing spondylitis, rheumatoid arthritis, and osteoporosis increase temporomandibular disorders (TMD) risk. TMD also elevates the risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis, confirming a causal link.
Area of Science:
- Genetics
- Epidemiology
- Rheumatology
Background:
- Observational studies on bone joint diseases and temporomandibular disorders (TMD) yield inconsistent results.
- Previous research limitations necessitate robust causal inference methods.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the causal relationship between bone and joint diseases and TMD using Mendelian randomization (MR).
- To explore the bidirectional association between TMD and specific bone and joint conditions.
Main Methods:
- A two-sample MR design utilizing genome-wide association study (GWAS) data for six bone/joint diseases and TMD.
- Inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method for primary analysis, supported by weighted median, MR-Egger, and MR-PRESSO for sensitivity and pleiotropy assessment.
Main Results:
- Bone and joint diseases causally increase TMD risk, notably ankylosing spondylitis (OR 1.36), rheumatoid arthritis (OR 1.08), and osteoporosis (OR 1.0751).
- Reverse MR analysis indicated a positive genetic link from TMD to rheumatoid arthritis (OR 1.12).
- Sensitivity analyses confirmed result stability and absence of significant pleiotropy or outliers.
Conclusions:
- A causal association exists between increased risk of TMD and ankylosing spondylitis, rheumatoid arthritis, and osteoporosis.
- TMD is associated with an elevated risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis.
- Findings support improved diagnosis and management strategies for TMD and related bone joint diseases.
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