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A fair non-collateral consensus protocol based on Merkle tree for hierarchical IoT blockchain
Seyedeh Somayeh Fateminasab1, Davoud Bahrepour2, Seyed Reza Kamel Tabbakh1
1Department of Computer Engineering, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran.
Scientific Reports
|January 29, 2025
Summary
This study introduces Proof of Action (PoAct), a novel consensus protocol for Hierarchical Internet of Things Blockchain (HIoTB) networks. PoAct enhances transaction fairness and node trustworthiness, improving scalability and energy efficiency for IoT applications.
Area of Science:
- Computer Science
- Network Security
- Distributed Systems
Background:
- Internet of Things Blockchain (IoTB) faces consensus protocol challenges including limited bandwidth, energy, and storage.
- Hierarchical IoTB (HIoTB) networks aim to address these limitations.
- Key open problems in HIoTB consensus include fair transaction prioritization and node trustworthiness verification.
Purpose of the Study:
- To propose a fair, non-collateral consensus protocol for HIoTB networks.
- To enhance scalability, lightweightness, and energy efficiency in HIoTB.
- To address issues of transaction fairness and node trustworthiness.
Main Methods:
- Introduced Proof of Action (PoAct), a novel consensus protocol.
- Utilized Merkle tree-based techniques for node trustworthiness verification based on computational resources.
- Developed a fair transaction selection mechanism and assigned voting scores to trustworthy nodes.
Main Results:
- PoAct demonstrated significant improvements in throughput and execution time compared to puzzle-solving protocols.
- The protocol is argued to be scalable and energy-aware.
- Effectively mitigates consensus attacks (Sybil, Eclipse, 51%) and addresses Fork occurrences.
Conclusions:
- PoAct offers a viable solution for fair and trustworthy consensus in HIoTB networks.
- The proposed protocol enhances the performance and security of IoTB systems.
- Addresses critical challenges in resource-constrained IoT environments.
