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Causal Association Between Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Migraine: A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study.

Yu-Pei Wang1, Hui-Xia Wei2, Yuan-Yuan Hu3

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Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) may causally increase the risk of migraine with aura. This research provides new insights for preventing and managing both OSA and migraine.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Genetics
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is frequently comorbid with migraine.
  • The etiological relationship between OSA and migraine remains unclear.
  • Understanding this relationship is crucial for developing effective treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential causal relationship between obstructive sleep apnea and migraine.
  • To explore the directionality of this association using Mendelian randomization.

Main Methods:

  • Bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) and multivariable MR (MVMR) were employed.
  • Genome-wide association study (GWAS) data for OSA and migraine subtypes were analyzed.
  • Inverse variance weighted (IVW) analysis and sensitivity tests were conducted.

Main Results:

  • Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) showed a causal association with migraine with aura (MA).
  • Multivariable MR confirmed the causal effect of OSA on MA (OR = 1.184, P = 0.020).
  • Reverse causality from migraine to OSA was not supported by MVMR analysis.

Conclusions:

  • A preliminary causal effect of OSA on migraine with aura was identified in European descendants.
  • These findings suggest OSA as a potential contributing factor to MA.
  • The study offers new perspectives for the prevention and management of OSA and migraine.