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Chronic kidney disease.

Paola Romagnani1,2, Rajiv Agarwal3, Juliana C N Chan4

  • 1Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) involves persistent kidney function abnormalities impacting health and homeostasis. Early detection and managing risk factors are crucial for slowing progression and improving outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Internal Medicine
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined by persistent kidney function or structure abnormalities with significant health consequences.
  • Progressive decline in kidney function disrupts body homeostasis and is linked to cardiovascular disease, infections, and premature death.
  • Kidney failure is fatal without access to kidney replacement therapy, a global health challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the definition, consequences, and progression mechanisms of chronic kidney disease.
  • To emphasize the importance of early detection and management of modifiable risk factors in CKD.
  • To highlight therapeutic strategies for managing CKD and its associated complications.

Main Methods:

  • Review of the pathophysiology of CKD progression, including nephron loss and overload.
  • Discussion of management strategies focusing on early detection and risk factor control.
  • Identification of key therapeutic interventions, including renin-angiotensin system inhibitors and SGLT2 inhibitors.

Main Results:

  • CKD progression involves irreversible nephron loss and overload of remaining nephrons.
  • Effective management includes early detection and control of modifiable risk factors.
  • Pharmacological interventions like RAS inhibitors and SGLT2 inhibitors help reduce nephron overload.

Conclusions:

  • CKD management requires a comprehensive approach, including early detection and risk factor modification.
  • Targeting specific pathways and conditions like hypertension, anemia, and metabolic acidosis is essential.
  • Timely and appropriate interventions can mitigate cardiovascular morbidity and improve quality of life for CKD patients.