Alcohol Use Disorder and Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease: New Definitions, Screening, and Treatment

Area of Science:

• Hepatology
• Gastroenterology
• Public Health

Background:

• Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is a leading cause of liver morbidity and mortality worldwide.
• Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a significant risk factor for developing ALD.
• ALD presents a spectrum of conditions from steatosis to cirrhosis.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide an updated overview of ALD definitions and screening methods.
• To discuss contemporary management strategies for ALD, including liver transplantation (LT).
• To highlight the importance of addressing disparities in LT for ALD patients.

Main Methods:

• Review of current literature on ALD definitions and diagnostic tools.
• Analysis of screening methodologies for AUD in primary care settings.
• Examination of evolving perspectives and practices in LT for end-stage ALD.

Main Results:

• Early ALD detection is facilitated by validated AUD screening tools, blood tests, and imaging.
• Liver transplantation (LT) outcomes for ALD have improved due to better evaluations and post-transplant monitoring.
• Significant disparities persist in LT access and practices for ALD patients.

Conclusions:

• Integrated approaches combining AUD screening and medical evaluation are crucial for early ALD detection.
• Advancements in LT eligibility and care have improved outcomes, but equitable access remains a challenge.
• A comprehensive understanding of ALD and AUD is essential for effective patient management and treatment.